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n a single fertilized egg

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When a single fertilized egg

threatening risk to the mother to be considered, are hyper- Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy, that is, threatened tensive disorders of pregnancy, antepartum anencephaly, hydrocephalus, microcephaly, cardiac anomalies or Downs syndrome. While at rst Of all the types of multiple births, twins normally face the fewest medical problems and complications. Each additional baby a woman carries during her pregnancy increases the possibility of developing pregnancy complications. What are the most common complications associated with multiples? Keywords: Assisted Reproductive Technology, Multiple Pregnancies, Outcome, Pregnancy Complications Citation: Kaveh M, Ghajarzadeh M, Davari Tanha F, Nayeri F, Keramati Z, Shariat M, Ghaheri A. Pregnancy complica-tions and neonatal outcomes in multiple pregnancies: a comparison between assisted reproductive techniques and spontaneous conception. If you are pregnant with twins or more, or if you are at risk for a multiple pregnancy, you should be aware of these and other potential problems you might experience. Thus, an understanding of both the maternal and fetal risks associated with multiple gestations should be central to all obstetric practice. The ability to foresee issues and the know how to respond to the complications that develop are central to the correct management of these pregnant women. Individual Performance Profile PN Complications of Pregnancy Case Study Test Individual Name: SHEYENNE A ALBRIGHT Individual Also includes establishing priorities regarding the sequence of care to be provided to multiple clients. goal of reducing IVF-related multiple pregnancy rates in Canada by 50%. SECTION 3: PROCEDURES Antepartum complications-including preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia-develop in over 80% of multiple pregnancies as

According to this study the mean age of our study population was 28 years. Preterm labor and birth. Fever during pregnancy and labour S-99 Fever after childbirth S-107 Abdominal pain in early pregnancy S-115 Abdominal pain in later pregnancy and after childbirth S-119 Difficulty in breathing S-125 xi ix vii v iii Elevated blood pressure, headache, blurred vision, convulsions or loss of consciousness

Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is the most common complication in early pregnancy. It is often a happy event for many couples. Multiple pregnancy Page 2 of 10 Obstetrics & Gynaecology Antenatal management Background information Multiple pregnancy is associated with increased risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality.1, 2 Multiple gestation pregnancies are more likely to have complications of preterm labour, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, pre-eclampsia, Pregnancy complications in women with multiple pregnancy included hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, pregnancy complicated with internal medicine disease, pregnancy complicated with surgical disease, and pregnancy complicated with infectious disease. More than 3 in 5 twins and nearly all higher-order multiples are preterm (born before 37 weeks).

Fetal complications Women who are pregnant with multiples may have more severe morning sickness or breast tenderness than women who are pregnant with a single fetus. The increased risk of thrombosis relates, at least in part, to the increased prevalence of cesarean delivery and bedrest in these pregnancies. Either high or low maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein values were associated with 34.2% of all major congenital defects, 19.1% of all stillbirths and fetal-neonatal deaths, 11.0% of View Complications of Pregnancy.pdf from PRN 1831 at Rasmussen College. healthy babies.

Multiple pregnancy happens in about one in 60 pregnancies. Complications increase with each additional fetus in a multiple pregnancy and include severe nausea and vomiting, Cesarean section, or forceps delivery. Hemor- rhage was the most common complication (8 percent), followed by caesarean section due to obstructed labor (3 percent), severe infection (2 percent), and eclampsia (1 percent) (see Figure 6.2). The most common problems are listed below. Preterm labor and birth pose the greatest risk to a multiple pregnancy. These agencies co-operate closely in efforts to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Prenatal care can also help identify mental health concerns related to pregnancy, such as anxiety and depression. Some common complications of pregnancy include, but are not limited to, the following. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, occurs when arteries carrying blood from the heart to the body organs are narrowed. Women who need fertility treatment are at higher risk to get pregnant with twins, and rarely with triplets or more. Fetal and Newborn complications such as preterm delivery, respiratory distress syndrome, brain damage are responsible for almost 10% of But multiple pregnancy has higher risks for complications. The former include (1) abortions, especially frequent in the case of monoplacental and monochorialpregnancies; (2) rarer events, such as hydramnios, placenta praevia, association of an ectopic pregnancy with an intrauterine pregnancy, molar degeneration You will be offered extra antenatal checks and ultrasound scans to make sure that you are well and to monitor your babies closely. Miscarriage or spontaneous abortion is more likely to occur with multiple pregnancies. High blood pressure can increase the chance of placental abruption (early detachment of the placenta). Other: pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, iron deficiency anemia, hyperemesis gravidarum, and thromboembolism . represents a common understanding between WHO, UNFPA, and UNICEF of key elements of an approach to reducing maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. INCIDENCE. Multiple Pregnancy (Twins and Triplets) Maternity Services Version 3.0 Approved by PICG: April 2013 Reviewed May 2018 Page 5 of 5 Further Information TAMBA Twins and Multiple Births Association 2 The Willows, Gardner Road, Guildford, Surrey GU1 4PG Tel: (Twinline) 01483 304442 (10 am 1pm and 7pm 10pm everyday) Tel: (office) 01483 302483 These findings must be inter- preted with caution. This is called multiple gestation. Multiple pregnancies also carry a higher risk of obstetric complications such as congenital Congenital Chorioretinitis anomalies, preeclampsia Preeclampsia A complication of pregnancy, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal hypertension and proteinuria with or without pathological edema. (b) Polyhydramnios rare in early pregnancy. It is particularly important to identify twins that share a single placenta. The major risks affecting the fetus and infant in a multiple pregnancy are prematurity and zygosity. Other causes of apparently abnormal uterine enlargement in early pregnancy are: (a) Mistaken Dates bleeding after conception being considered as a period. Management of Multiple Pregnancy Guideline Maternity Page 6 of 23 Consultant Specialist Obstetrician and Gynaecologist with special interest in fetal medicine is responsible to confirm and diagnose complications of multiple pregnancy and making sure to manage jointly with tertiary fetal medicine unit for subsequent care. For you Minor problems that many pregnant women experience, such as morning sickness, The rate of congenital m alformation is signicantly increased in multi-fetal pregnancies compared with singletons. This condition often develops earlier and is more severe than in pregnancy with one baby. Complications increase with each additional fetus in a multiple pregnancy and include many medical issues that will be discussed below. Women with multiple fetuses are two to five times more likely to develop high blood pressure during pregnancy. A twin, triplet, or higher-order pregnancy (four or more babies) is called multiple pregnancy.If more than one egg is released during the menstrual cycle and each is fertilized by a sperm, more than one embryo may implant and grow in your uterus.This type of pregnancy results in fraternal twins (or more). Preterm Labor/Delivery; Low birth weight; Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) Preeclampsia; Gestational Diabetes; Placental Abruption; Fetal Demise/Loss; Cesarean; Preterm Labor/Delivery. Fever during pregnancy and labour S-113 Fever after childbirth S-127 Abdominal pain in early pregnancy S-137 Abdominal pain in later pregnancy and after childbirth S-141 Difficulty in breathing S-149 Loss of fetal movements S-155 Prelabour rupture of membranes S-159 Immediate newborn conditions or problems S-165 . Zygosity: It refers to the similarity of genes for a trait Vanishing twin: Occasional death of one fetus and continuation of pregnancy with surviving one. Multiple-Pregnancy Complications 23 Table 1. Thus, an understanding of both the maternal and fetal risks associated with multiple gestations should be central to all obstetric practice. Most women with multiple pregnancies will have a healthy pregnancy and will give birth to healthy babies, however complications are more common. Preterm labor/delivery is defined as delivery before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy. In addition to these, there is a higher incidence of severe nausea and vomiting, cesarean section, or forceps delivery. Multiple pregnancies constitute significant risk to both mother and fetuses. However, multiple pregnancy has increased risks for complications. The most common complications include the following: Over 60 percent of twins and nearly all higher-order multiples are premature (born before 37 weeks). The higher the number of fetuses in the pregnancy, the greater the risk for early birth. Complications may concern either pregnancy and puerperium or delivery. Multiple gestation can increase Complications and Problems associated with Multiple Births Women who can get pregnant without fertility drugs or medical procedures usually have only one baby. The length of High order multiples :Three or more offspring in one birth Zygote: Fertilized ovum for the first three weeks following conception. Most multiple pregnancies are discovered during an ultrasound exam . Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth. If you are pregnant with twins or more, or if you are at risk for a multiple pregnancy, you should be aware of these and Ultrasound examination in early pregnancy will differentiate these conditions and is the only method of diagnosing multiple pregnancy reliably.

Multiple birth babies have about twice the risk of congenital (present at birth) 6. Keywords: assisted conception, consensus meeting, multiple pregnancy With the advent of assisted reproduction treatment, and its increasing use all over the world, there has been a concomitant increase in the incidence of multiple gestation. One of the most serious complications of multiple pregnancy is premature labor and delivery, resulting in a premature infant, most often with low birthweight. normal intrauterine pregnancy, multiple gestation, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole. It was lower than that reported by Aziz et al8. Placental Major Complications abruption and placental praevia should be managed in twin Antenatal complications of pregnancy, which pose a life pregnancy in a similar fashion to singleton pregnancy. These include: anaemia premature birth one or both babies not growing well. Premature Birth What are the most common complications associated with multiples? Complications are more in monochorionic twin pregnancies. multiple pregnancy also carries an increased risk of complications. Multiple pregnancy happens in about one in 60 pregnancies. The duration of a pregnancy usually decreases with each fetus in a multiple pregnancy. You will be offered extra antenatal checks and ultrasound scans to make sure that you are well and to monitor your babies closely.

The vast majority (97-98%) are twin pregnancies. Antepartum complicationsincluding preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of the membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsiadevelop in over 80% of multiple pregnancies as compared with approximately 25% of singleton gestations. The second baby is more at risk. Fetal anomalies ( 24%) more in monozygotic twins. Birth defects. This means that regular antenatal visits are really important good care will help reduce the risk of problems. A multiple pregnancy means being pregnant with more than 1 baby. How does multiple pregnancy occur? 8. The incidence of EPL is as high as 31 percent, though that incidence The occurrence of this side effect of ART is a test case for the moral quality of the field. Sixty percent of multiples are born prematurely (<37 weeks) compared to about 10% of singleton pregnancies.

They also may gain weight more quickly. Maternal morbidity includes physical and psychologic conditions that result from or are aggravated by pregnancy and have an adverse effect on a womans health. However, complications are more common in multiple pregnancy and having extra care during your pregnancy, including more ultrasound scans, reduces these risks to you and your babies. Multiple pregnancy leads to a strong increase in obstetric complications, perinatal morbidity, maternal and child mortality rate, congenital malformations, pre-term birth, and long-term social, psychological and financial difficulties. The ability to foresee issues and the know how to respond to the complications that develop are central to the correct management of these pregnant women. Beyond early pregnancy loss (EPL), the differential diagnosis of pregnancy with bleeding and/or cramping includes. The dead fetus simply vanishes by resorption Twin pregnancy is considered a high-risk pregnancy because it is associ - ated with both fetal and maternal complications.

placental abruption and increased operative interferences. The risk of multiple pregnancy is increased substantially in IVFET cycles. In 2005, 35.0% of all births in the US resulting from IVFET were multiples, a rate 10 times higher than 3% in general population. Most women with a multiple pregnancy will have a healthy pregnancy and will give birth to healthy babies, however complications are more common. The most severe complications of pregnancy, generally referred to as severe maternal morbidity (SMM), affect more than 50,000 women in the United States every year. Complications of multiple pregnancy. cations of pregnancy during this period were: toxemia of pregnancy, preeclamptic condi tions, eclampsia, hemorrhage, heart disease, polyhydramnios, pyelitis, and immature and premature deliveries, followed by a very high mortality rate. Twin Deliveries and Time of Gestation Weeks of pregnancy Twin deliveries (N = 332) N % Untimely and premature deliveries Up to 28 25 (1 triplet) 7.5 28-29 12 (1 triplet) 3.6 30-32 24 7.2 33-35 60 (1 triplet) 18.0 36-38 87 (1 triplet) 26.2 Total 208 62.7 On time and postmature deliveries 39-41 51 15.3 of older women getting pregnant who naturally have a higher incidence of multiple gestations.

n a single fertilized egg
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